Job Book Essays - Book Of Job, Eliphaz, Job, Satan, Bildad, Zophar

Job Book The Book of Job is not simply a story, but a fable, rich with meaning and lessons to be learned. I found Job to be one of the most interesting accounts in the Bible, especially because it attempts to rationalize human suffering and the ways of the Lord. It seems to me that the idea came first, and a story was found to fit it, or one was made up, but that the entire reason for the Book of Job to be included in the Bible is for its purpose in teaching us that we must endure what troubles we are given, because it is the Will of God. I have many questions about this book, none of which can be easily answered by anyone living today: Who wrote this tale, and how did they know what took place in heaven? Did they just see Job suffering his losses, only to regain them tenfold when his faith did not swerve? These are only a few of my thoughts as I read Job, but overall, I found it a fascinating story that I wanted to explore in detail, and that is why I chose to write on it. Job was a righteous man who lived in Uz with his seven sons and three daughters. He owned seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yokes of oxen, five hundred donkeys and many slaves. Each year, he held a banquet where Job would have each of his children purified, for fear that they might have sinned and cursed God in their hearts. On the day that the angels came to attest before God, God pointed out to the accusing angel (Satan) how righteous and respectful Job was to Him. Satan claimed that Job's actions and character originated with evil and self-serving motives: Job is so righteous and respectful because he has no reason to act otherwise, but if God were to give him hardship, he would curse the name of the Lord. Satan challenges God to test Job, and reluctantly, God accepts. Here, we see Satan prodding the Lord, who is supposed to be almighty and knowledgable about everything, into testing one of his faithful servants for no reason other than to prove his loyalty. This explains why God sometimes strikes down the righteous for no apparent reason, but it also makes us question whether or not God truly has our best interest at heart. God seems to have the character of a small child here, wanting to uphold his name, to show Satan that he "can too" prove that Job is faithful. On Earth, Job was stricken with misfortune. All his children died of one tragedy or another, his animals were either stolen or struck by lightning. Job did not curse God, he rationalized the act, what God gives, He can also take away. He bragged to Satan about how faithful and righteous his servant Job was, like the small child we saw him as before. Again, Satan pushed God on, claiming that Job was still faithful and righteous because he had not been affected directly by God's test. He persuades God to test Job once more. This time, Job's health is destroyed in a most horrifying form. Job is covered in boils from head to toe so badly, that he uses a piece of broken pottery to scratch the dead flesh off with. At this point, Job's faith in the Lord is tested by his wife, who wondered why he is still so faithful to God. As we all know, the hardest part of faith is to believe when others around you do not, and can convince you that they are right while you are wrong. Still, Job rebuked his wife and refused to sin. Job had three friends: Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Namathite. These three friends heard of what happened to Job and came to offer their sympathy and grief. After about a week of prayers, Job finally broke down and cursed the day he was born. He wondered why life should be given to a person who desires only death, who has ceased to find any value in life, who has lost all hope of escape from continuous terror and torment. His friends answer him in a series of three rounds, the first being the most significant of the three. Eliphaz answered him first, saying that Job helped others with encouraging words but now that the tables are turned, he impatiently gave up. The

Advertising in Pharmacueticals essays

Advertising in Pharmacueticals essays The Misleading Truth About Pharmaceutical Advertisements Is a patient at liberty to diagnose his or her own affliction? If so, are they also qualified enough to know the right medication and take into consideration the drugs adverse effects? With the recent onset of direct to consumer advertising for prescription drugs, this is becoming the case. In 1994, expenditures on direct to consumer advertisements were about twenty-five-million a year. By 1998 that figure changed to about 225 million (Sasich 2). Turn on the TV, there they are. Open your favorite magazine, there they are again. Listen to the radio, congratulations, youve found another ad for the latest prescription drug. Rush down to your local physician and life will be perfect, right? Do these advertisements have a place in healthcare, where they could be potentially dangerous? Although educating the public about treatment options is not a bad thing, these advertisements are misleading the public into unnecessary treatment. We first have to look at what an advertisement is intended to do: persuade. Advertisements for prescription medication are not only persuading the general public to get the treatment, they are telling them that they have the affliction. This is increasingly damaging in cases where the affliction is somewhat subjective, such as depression. Im sure that every normal person has at least once in theyre life felt sad or depressed. This does not mean that there is a problem that would require medication. But advertisements are telling them that they do. If a patient feels this way, take this, everything will be perfect and the patient will unquestionably feel happy. Take this pill and problems will disappear faster than a hamburger at Weight Watchers. This is not the case. Advertisements are not selling the remedy; they are selling the affliction, and promising that your lifes problems can be whisked away in one convenie...

Supply and demand in baseball Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supply and demand in baseball - Essay Example Over the years, various studies show that participation in professional baseball games have steadily declined. There are many reasons attributed to this condition of reduction in demand for baseball as indicated by the lower ticket sales based on volume. One reason cited is that the ticket prices have risen sharply in the past 15 years. This is accompanied by increases in the price of related goods or complementary goods to baseball games live, including parking fees and food prices. (Wood, 2004) To illustrate this point, Chicago-based research company Team Marketing Research asserted that on the average, a family of four is estimated to spend about $153 for watching in big-league ballparks as at 2004. This figure represents nearly 3% increase from 2003. Similarly, Philadelphia Phillies fans are estimated to spend around $188 for a family of four. This is greater than a 25% jump from the cost in the previous year. (Wood, 2004) Apart from this, another reason mentioned is the change in the kind of spectators who are purchasing baseball tickets. It is seen that corporations and other businesses are buying in bulks to impress clients by giving away complimentary tickets. Note that these business entities would opt for the premium seats such as those located in blocks behind the home plate and in covered boxes. In this regard, baseball owners are able to jack up the price for seats in these locations as there is an assured demand for such. Moreover, as these owners attempt to recoup the increasing cost of doing business, they boost the ticket prices particularly for those in prime locations (Wood, 2004). For instance, team owners have to contend with the meteoric rise in their factors of production, especially labor. Wage is often perceived as the primary component of business cost that leads to the increase in price (Dornbusch, Fisher& Starkz, 2002). In professional baseball, it is seen that teams belonging to the top 25% of revenue-earners have experienced an increase of $28 million on the average between 1995 and 1999 alone (Bergen, 2000). As team owners are tied up with multi-year and multi-million dollar contracts with their players, they attempt to recover the substantial wage cost by increasing ticket prices. Given the above, it could be concluded that inflation has not only affected the basic goods but the baseball ticket prices as well. This could be better explained with the aid of the graph (Change in Demand for Baseball Game Tickets). Based on the graph, it is exhibited that the price of baseball tickets has increased form D0 to D1 due to the consistent demand of corporate buyers coupled with the increasing cost of operating a baseball team. In macroeconomic terms, the "inflation" that has affected baseball tickets may be classified as both cost-push and demand-pull. These means that the steady demand for baseball tickets as well as the rise in the cost of doing business (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2002) has led to the hiking up of baseball ticket prices. However, as baseball fans, especially families, have been hit by inflation, thus increasing the

Reagen last assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reagen last - Assignment Example Vietnam syndrome can be simply referred to a view mainly held by American conservatives that the loss of Vietnam War persuaded the American public to protest against any type of US-involved military conflict. More precisely, horrible memories of Vietnam War, including the images of killed soldiers and civilians, have influenced American to oppose any type of war. As a result of this fear of loss, any attempt by the US to become a part of a military conflict would be perceived by the American society as ‘another Vietnam’. Reagan was against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua and he tried to topple the Sandinista government with the help of US supported Nicaraguan contras. For this, Reagan encouraged guerilla war insurgency. Reagan adopted such a policy because he strongly believed that Sandinistas’ victory would fuel revolution throughout the region and challenge the security of the US. Reagan turned against the Sandinista government specifically after the spread of social unrest to neighboring countries. Reagan introduced Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) in 1983 in an effort to protect the country from strategic nuclear ballistic missile attacks. He held the view that this defense system would eliminate the possibilities of a nuclear war. The US involvement in Afghanistan in 1979 during Carter’s presidency was simply to suppress the Soviet-led Afghan forces. It is obvious that the major intension of the US was to respond to the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan. Reagan administration not only continued this involvement but also increased the support significantly for Mujahideen. The Reagan doctrine was the strategy developed and executed by the US under the Reagan administration to abolish communist ideology from the world. It can be argued that the Reagan doctrine specifically focused on opposing the global influence of the Soviet Union.

K.Marx selected writting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

K.Marx selected writting - Essay Example â€Å"†¦most people today would probably say that Marxism’s day is over, that Marx’s ideas have been proven empirically false and morally bankrupt, and that it is time to sweep away the remnants of Marx’s influence into the â€Å"dustbin of history.†(Introduction, ix) So, the ardent supporters of the cause of the labor had to revise their strategies, though lip-service continues to be paid to the ideology from different platforms even now. For Marx, labor is a commodity and needs to be evaluated thus. When Marx wrote about the alienation of labor, it was the most miserable commodity. Marx categorized the entire society into two classes: those with property and the one without property, who labor. In the Manuscripts titled â€Å"Alienated Labor† Marx deals with the basic causes of alienation. It takes place within the economic system of capitalism. â€Å"We now have to grasp the essential connection among private property, greed, division of labor, capital and landownership, and the connection of exchange with competition, of value with the devaluation of men, of monopoly with competition, etc., and of this whole alienation with the money-system,"(59) writes Karl Marx. The contention of Marx is political economy gives no proper explanation about the foundation of the division between labor and capital and also between capital and land. Interest of the capitalist assumes supreme importance. Another important aspect that eventually hurts the labor is competition. This is a mesmerizing tool with the capitalist that is important in successfully running the business. The other aspect of competition is greed and in the capitalist system it is the war of the greedy and aggrandizement of wealth. Labor, the â€Å"eternal natural necessity which mediates the metabolism between man and nature†, (223) is transformed into an alienated commodity to be bought and sold. With the advancement of the capitalist structure, the labor is denied most of the necessary objects,

Strategies Of Internationalization In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

Strategies Of Internationalization In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Introduction to the Hospitality Industry The hospitality industry consists of wide category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation and tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an enjoyment park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance, direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, etc.), management, marketing, and human resources. The hospitality industry covers a wide range of organizations offering food service and accommodation. The industry is divided into sectors according to the skill-sets required for the work involved. Sectors include accommodation, food and beverage, meeting and events, gaming, entertainment and recreation, tourism services, and visitor information. Hospitality industries that profitably cater to the needs of customers better than the competition are more likely able to sustain competitive advantage over time.   Catering to customer needs is dominant to delivering desirable levels of customer satisfaction in the tourism industry.   The formula for executing this task is particularly fragile in tourism because of the heterogeneous and simultaneous nature of service production and consumption.   Tourism experiences are rarely, if ever, delivered without in-depth employee-customer interactions.   Thus, tourism experiences are people-intensive on both sides of the service fence.   Additionally, tourists tend to have higher expectations for hospitality and overall levels of service quality because their context is typically more emotionally charged.   An empowered workforce is a secret to success in these unique area employees who are inspired and enabled to make meaningful and suitable decisions close to customers in order to take care of important customer needs.   Internationalization is described as the process of expanding firm activities beyond the borders of its domestic markets. Historically, the primary motivation for internationalization among firms was the need to become more efficient. Efficiency in the context of the post-industrial revolution era is achieved when a firm becomes larger and thus generates economies of scale. Many firms searched for and found attractive markets in countries with higher market growth rates, developing consumer consumption, and growing discretionary income. Strategies of internationalization in hospitality industry There are several strategies of internationalization to gain more customer satisfaction n with effectively and efficiently. The development of computer technology, communication technology, and new means of transportation all served as vital enabling forces to internationalization. Today, internationalization has become one of the key concern of firms As barriers to international trade fall down in many parts of the world, managers become aware of new opportunities in an ever-changing global environment. For example, a uniform currency (the euro) is gaining a leading position within the European market, Eastern European markets are developing rapidly, Asian markets are opening to the world, and the world business population has reached the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). International firms that consider all the elements in the geographic destination develop different strategies for each geographical market, each specially tailored for the specific market. Eg: In the area of express delivery services, Federal Express (FedEx) dominates the market in the Americas, yet in other markets, such as Europe, FedEx is not successful, and the market is dominated by DHL. Franchising agreements in which a franchiser grants a licensed privilege to a franchisee to do business. This may include permission to use a brand name, products, operating systems, central reservation systems, and more. Franchising is used by Hilton International as a component of its international strategy Management contracts in which management is separated from ownership, where a company can contract the management of its overseas operation to a management team in return for a fee. For a example: Sodehxo is one of the examples of a management contract company in the industry. Strategic alliances in which a connection or a partnership forms between two or more companies that can assistance from greater market coverage, economies of scope or scale, enlarged visibility for the brand name or minimized capital investment. One such example is the strategic alliance between Accor and the Japanese Hokke Group Joint venture, in which the multinational firm provides a partial equity stake to local businesses in order to secure their commitment to the agreement. Accor is actively involved in joint ventures in different Asian markets such as Korea, Vietnam, and Malaysia. Call Center Service Recovery means Telephone based customer service is the largest customer services channel in both North America, and Europe (The Editors 2007).   Call centers customer service volume is higher than electronic mail support service.Despite this lack of acknowledgement from call centers, there is a gap between the service provided and customer expectations. The Green strategy means industry perceptions and perspectives as a new market -driven business focus for gaining competitive advantages.All businesses no matter how benign or smart their operations are create some level of environmental harm. These impacts can be minimized or controlled by a adopting a well articulated firm-level green strategy. This require to green should not just be to address companywide environmental challenge but also a proactive strategy to stay on the right side of the regulation and for profitability. Issues and impacts of internationalization on hospitality industry Issues and impacts bring together the latest developments in international hospitality operations with the current management principles. It provides a truly international viewpoint on the hospitality and tourism industries and provides a fresh insight into hospitality and tourism management. Internationalization is a major trend for todays organizations. The services sector is also unquestionably becoming increasingly international in scope. A rapid Internationalization of world economy during the 1990s has increased the opportunities to export services and services are now the fastest growing part of international trade. Accelerated by their desire for growth and profit, incentives provided by the host governments, and a freer flow of capital throughout the world, hospitality organizations have discovered that their future survival and growth depend upon extending their services around the world. The hospitality industry is thus at the very core of international business. Hospitality companies therefore need to consider the implications of the global context in which they drive and must be prepared to address the questions that occur from this rapid changing environment. The Internationalization of business and lifestyles is characterized by communicating over huge distances in foreign languages, frequent travel to overseas countries, dealing in many currencies, and coping with a range of political and social systems, regulatory environments, cultures and customs. While these aspects of Internationalization of are easy to identify, understanding the underlying current and future trends can be analysis, however, reveals that a number of issues are reshaping the Internationalization hospitality industry, although there are clearly some complex questions that are still to be resolved: International spreading out with general product and brand position; Sales and marketing programs that fully capture global economies of scale; Organizational structures that tolerate delivery of services with local operational control; Cross-border employee training to support operations; and Use of the world capital markets as sources of funding. The Positive Impacts of Internationalization on the hospitality industry; 1. Exposure to different cultures: Due to the internationalization of the managers of hospitality industry, they would be able to gain knowledge of different cultures, as they get to fuse with people from different walks of life and thus, enhance their awareness. 2. Larger Market: Due to internationalization, the customer base has enlarged greatly. People travel not only for holidays, but business, health and various other purposes too. Thus, this has increased the market for the hospitality industry, which gets their major income from these international visitors. 3. Boosts the economy: As visitors come in and spend money it effects to the foreign exchange of the country and it gets increase. Thus it is of great value to the economy as internationalization helps to pump in money into the country. 4. Technology Advancement: Since one needs to attract as many tourists as possible, hospitality organizations frequently need to upgrade and improve their products and services. Example: Singapore Flyer, using faster and newer technology in hotels to so that the customer is satisfied. 5. Promotes Creativity: Organizations are continuously thinking of new and innovative ideas to draw more tourists. 6. More Job Opportunities: Due to internationalization, more visitors come into the country and thus more people will be required to serve and cater to their needs. So, with the arrival of internationalization, there are lot of more jobs opportunities for people within the areas which hospitality industries are located. 7. Boosts the Travel Industry: Due to internationalization more people travel around the countries. To facilitate this, the tours and travels industry require to develop as well. People who come into the country by air, ship or land, will use the transport services obtainable as well. 8. Variety of International Services / Cuisines: Since there are lot of diverse visitors from various cultures, traditions, cuisines, and languages, the hospitality industry includes recipes and various other services to cater to them. These services will be available to the locals too, which makes it even better. The negative impacts of internationalization on the hospitality industry; Language Barriers: Due to internationalization, the hospitality Industry can make use of people from different countries as it is usually cheaper. They may sometimes have troubles in communicating with the customers. Many customers get quite incensed as a result of this. Cultural Barriers: As there are people from a mixture of cultures, one needs to be watchful not to offend them. For Example, a muslim will not eat pork one needs to make sure not serve food which contains pork. (Unless specifically asked). Whats acceptable by one culture may be frowned upon by another. Events/Disasters in other Countries: A disaster or incident taking place in one country may affect to the country (the home country) also. For example, the financial crisis makes less people want to spend money or travel; due to increase in terrorism some visitors get are not ready to travel to certain countries. Seasonal Employment: During climax periods, a lot of jobs are available in some industries, but as soon as the tourists go back to their countries, the jobs get disappeared as well. For example: Goa India; the locals in Goa get their revenue only during the climax season, (Dec- Feb and April July) In other seasons, they have no jobs and no earnings. Growth of the Communication Technology: Due to international barriers, there has been a constant growth in the use of technology for communication (through the internet, voice recordings). This removes the human touch. Developing Countries: Countries that are unable to keep up with the advancement in technology tend to lose out. Example: Africa does not have the infrastructure or technology as yet to welcome a large amount of foreign visitors, though it does have a lot of natural attractions. To increase the flow, it would have to improve conditions; otherwise tourists have a vast sea of areas to choose from. Increase in Crime Rate: With the increase in tourists, crimes increase too. Example: pick-pocketing, hustling, rape, smuggling. Bad Habits: People from other countries sometimes influence the local youth in a bad way. Increase in drugs and promiscuous behavior, etc Integration of the hospitality industry To offer a better customer service and keep loyal client come back todays hospitality industry require integration system. Thereby they can maintain their controls and improve their business. To have a smooth running integration system can aid organizations with a sustainable competitive advantage by improving product quality and service while reducing cost. Good performance and a high-quality, sustainable product can also help a company to reduce the risk of conflict or problems with suppliers, governments, staff and local communities, and improve its status as a respected partner in destinations. This may mean enhanced access to key business resources such as capital, the ability to develop products to meet growing market demand, improved relationships with governments, and a motivated and loyal staff. Eg: The computer software is a combination of various modules, which cater to the various aspects of hotel management. It including with hotel staff management, hotel reservation and hotel accounting are taken care of by the different modules in a single software unit. Many software companies have gathered more areas of hotel management into their software. All the operations like bookings, billings, reservations, check-ins, checkouts and etc, are available on screen and can do within few clicks of mouse. Therefore, taken as a whole, efficiency of the hotel staff and the management system is increased. Clients can reserve the rooms and other services through the hotel website directly. There is no room for any third party connection in this events.. However, there are some advantages in this integration as follows; It leads to reduction of transportation costs as the common ownership results in closer geographic proximity. The transaction costs can be controlled if a firm acquires the other firms in the vertical chain, then one division of the same company will transfer goods to other divisions. So, transaction costs in form of transport, cost of negotiation, cost of control etc. will be eliminated. The overall average cost of the firm will decline because if the divisions are under same management control then there will be in house supply and departmental heads will determine the transfer price. An example could be pokarna granites limited. The company was established in 1991 as a partnership firm quarrying black galaxy granite in India. Transportation of granite to factories where they can be cut and polished is quite difficult. Since that time, the company has grown to a major quarrier and fabricator of stones from India and around the world. From the very beginning, the company has believed in vertical integration. They begin with the finest raw materials, invariably from their very own quarries, assuring consistent, high quality suppliers. If a firm purchases semi finished goods from an outside source then the work culture will be different and there are chances of dispute regarding terms and conditions of supply or if the outside supplier makes breach of contract and does not supply the goods on time then the firm can not fulfil its commitment to the third party and the goodwill of a firm will come to an end. Organizational inferences; If the supplier supplying the raw materials to a firm is big, in terms of size and structure, then it will dictate the terms and conditions. On the other hand if an in-house source is used then there will be no market variation and the supplier can not impose any unfavorable conditions. We can split the benefits of integration into short-term or static gains and more long-term dynamic gains.    The establishment of the Single market within Europe has led to significant gains for the participating member states. The removal of internal market barriers and the harmonization of national regulations are expected to lead to an increase in trade and reductions in cost. Conclusion Taken as a whole, Internationalization and integration are two major parts which leads to the growth of the Hospitality Industry and their impacts directly involve to the evolutionary change in the Industry.

Alcohol and the Causes of Student Binge Drinking Essay -- Expository C

Causes of Student Binge Drinking We've all heard it before: "Too much of anything is bad for us." The amount of binge drinking occurring on American college campuses today proves that college students do not heed this warning. Binge drinking, or drinking for the purpose of getting drunk, harms both drinkers and non-drinkers alike. As today's college students come dangerously close to being swept away in the sea of papers, exams, jobs, and interviews, they use bingeing as the lifeboat that allows them to escape the stress. It allows them to forget their worries, fit in with the crowd, and live on the edge in a fast-paced world that normally does not leave time for such activities. Teetering on the brink of adulthood, yet still trapped in childhood makes drinking decisions difficult for many college students. A desire to get away from our usual lives because of societal regulations and conformity, psychological and emotional problems, and the stress of everyday life causes college binge drinking. The need to conform to societal norms set by peers leads to college binge drinking. Over the years, drinking has become a popular pastime for college students. A study conducted by Dr. Katherine C. Lyall of the University of Wisconsin defined binge drinking as "five or more drinks in a row one or more times during a two week period for men, and four or more drinks in a row one or more times during the same period for women." Lyall's study, in which 145 colleges from 40 states participated, found that 84% of all students drank during the school year. It also found that 44% of all students were binge drinkers, and 19% binged three or more times within a two week period (Lyall). Students feel the need to drink in order to fit in wit... ... well as those surrounding him or her. Societal norms, psychological and emotional problems, and stress all contribute to binge drinking. These factors should not be excuses, however. Today's college students are capable of finding a legal and safe lifeboat that keeps them from being sucked under the waves of daunting college pressures. Works Cited Addeo, Edmond G. and Jovita Reichling. Why Our Children Drink. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1975. Hamilton, Cheryl. Communicating for Results. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1997. Lyall, Katherine C., PhD. "Binge Drinking on American College Campuses." August 1995. October 14, 1998. (available online). http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/cas/RWJ_S.htm North, Robert and Richard Orange, Jr. Teenage Drinking. New York: Collier Books, 1980. Rouse, Ewing. Drinking. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1978.

What are the objectives of both parties in the exchanges?

Both parties in these exchanges want to obtain the best accounts available for their teams to maximize profit for the company, and also for their staff. In addition, they both want to get their points across while looking out for their teams’ best interest. Based on the exchange, it seems that Marilyn prefers sharing the accounts rather than being left with the small ones, while Len would like to work on accounts that will generate more money. How would you describe the general â€Å"tone† of the exchanges? The tone of the exchanges seems to be slightly aggressive between Marilyn and Len. In the first exchange, it almost seems like Len’s tone is a little threatening and Marilyn’s tone is defensive in response to this. She also seems to be worried that she’ll be stuck with the smaller, less productive accounts that Len is trying to push on her. Were Marilyn's objectives on the way to being effectuated in the first exchange? No, I feel that Marilyn started off well but then allowed Len’s aggression to get the best of her. She became more defensive while countering each of Len’s comments, which caused her to lose sight of the points she had to present in this negotiation. If this would have continued in this manner, Marilyn will not get her point across. Len had her backed into a corner, and Marilyn’s defensiveness was ineffective, since it wasn’t able to turn the negotiation in her favor. Were Len's objectives on the way to being effectuated in the first exchange? Yes, I feel that Len’s objectives were moving towards being effectuated because he was successful in diverting the conversation. He was able to divert Marilyn’s aims by accusing her of becoming upset in their conversation. He further gives his views authority by telling her that he has the approval of the boss, who supports his decision. What do you project the outcome of the first exchange to be? The projected outcome for the first exchange is that Len intimidates Marilyn to the point that she loses the focus on her objective, and no resolution is made. This was an example of distributive negotiation, since both parties are facing off with the goal of getting as much as possible. It is clear that Len had almost the complete advantage since the negotiation was in Len’s favor. His argument approach made it difficult for Marilyn to defend her position. Were Marilyn's objectives on the way to being effectuated in the second exchange? Yes, I believe that Marilyn was able to stand her ground and argue her points in the second exchange. Furthermore, she was able to effectively divert Len’s responses which helped to implement her objectives. In this exchange, she seems more confident and comfortable in responding to Len’s comments, especially about her team being unskilled. She shot back by reminding Len that they were his former members, which he had trained. Marilyn also corrected him when he said that the boss had already accepted his decision, by stating that she had already received his approval. The second exchange shows that Marilyn was much more prepared to handle Len’s arguments, and had a lot more control over the negotiation. Were Len's objectives on the way to being effectuated in the second exchange? Absolutely not, because in the second exchange Len was still adamant and shifty about his obligation to turn over the viable accounts Marilyn was expecting. The manner in which Marilyn addressed his points presented a challenge to him, which made it harder for him to effectuate. What do you project the outcome of the second exchange to be? I believe that this exchange was in Marilyn’s favor, and she would be able to win those accounts. As the negotiation progressed, Len would discover that his objections to Marilyn’s claims would be defeated, which would force him to turn over the accounts he promised. Identify two points of transition in each exchange and analyze the impact of the transition on the negotiation. In the first exchange, Marilyn asks Len about the viable accounts, which instantly makes him defensive, especially because of the pressure he’s faced with from his team, since they’re income depends on it. His defensive response is to question Marilyn’s teams’ competency. Marilyn asks the same question again when they meet for the second exchange, in which Len responds in the same manner. At this point, Marilyn informs Len that her team was previously trained and supervised by him, which then directs the level of competency back to him. Another transition point occurs when Marilyn identifies the reason as to why Len hasn’t turned over the accounts. She states that it’s because of his team losing income. Len does not effectively respond and chooses instead to claim the boss had already accepted it. Unbeknownst to him, Marilyn had already talked to the boss and received different information, to which Len could not counter. Len was caught in his own dishonesty and false threats.

Different Cultures Between Saudi Arabia and United States

Seeing as that I am a Saudi Arabian descent and living in the United States, I have been exposed to many misunderstandings, stereotypes, and invalid generalizations about my culture. There have been many instances in which I encountered stereotypes, mostly presented to the American public through various media types, which have limited Americans from realizing or seeking to comprehend more about my culture and heritage.As Thomas Sowell points out â€Å"one of the obstacles to understanding what behavioral characteristics follow each group around the world is the widespread use of the term â€Å"stereotypes† to dismiss whatever observations or evidence may be cited as to distinguishing features of particular group behavior patterns. † (Sowell, 11).From my perspective, three beliefs that most 21st Century Americans have in regards to Saudis which are stereotypical are: 1) our women are submissive and have no voice or rights in our society, 2) Saudis are either fanatics or support terrorist activity in the name of religion, and 3) lastly each family in Saudi has its own oil well and therefore no other businesses are required. There are specifically two Saudi laws which Americans have heard about via the media which have formed American opinion about Saudi Arabia’s attitude towards women.The first law enforces that women must cover their hair and body with a black veil and garb. Another Saudi law which has been granted much media attention is that Saudi women are not allowed to drive. These laws are looked upon by Americans as boding poorly for Saudi women. Because this conduct is in such sharp contrast with the United States’ attitude towards women and their more revealing attire, the media has hyped upon how these Saudi laws are examples of how Saudi women are submissive because they have neither stood upon for their rights, such as drive or dress as they desire, nor sought to have a voice in society.What we see instead is a strong fam ilial structure with nepotism occurring in society (Lewis, 68-69) While it is true that such laws have led to women having no public role in their society because they are seemingly â€Å"protected† by their Saudi men, it is unfair to conclude that Saudi women have no rights or voice in society. Saudi women do indeed have rights such as being guaranteed certain shares in inheritance, are allowed to own property, are permitted to choose or refuse potential husbands, and are considered equal to men in the eyes of God (http://www. saudinf.com/main/h61. htm).Furthermore, many Saudi women come to the United States to better educate themselves and return to Saudi to seek employment as nurses, doctors, professionals, and teachers. Upon returning to Saudi they have a hand in better educating or helping the next generation of women seek out their own respective goals. Hence, while it is a valid generalization that Saudi does not promote a public scope or ideology for its women, it doe s instead enable women to better improve upon themselves and expect protection for Saudi men that women might not have in the states.Lastly, a large number of Saudi women have accepted the scope of their responsibilities as a maternal figure in their families and feel that they are submissive to their religion and rearing their children appropriately (http://www. saudinf. com/main/h62. htm). While in the United States, we are seeing that women are being forced to work and provide for their family units without choice, face a higher possibility of divorce, see that rape and sexual harassment statistics have increased, instances of teen pregnancies have rose, and lastly cases of broken homes have increased.From my experience, women’s liberation and freedom is coming at a high cost to society’s families and while the belief that women are submissive and lack a voice in Saudi might be true from some perspectives, it is obvious that in the United States this stereotype migh t actually be occurring due to jealousy perhaps on the part of women who do not have the luxury of selecting if they decide to seek employment or remain at home to raise their children (http://www. wrmea. com/archives/may-june01/0105035. html).Another emphatic belief that Americans seem to have about Saudis is that we are either fanatics, villains, or that we support terrorist activity in the name of religion. Obviously Saudi Arabia which houses the Kaaba, the cube figure which is the most sacred site in Islam, represents our religion and is the direction to which the 5 daily prayers are made. For Americans, the media has publicized how Saudi is the birthplace of fanatic behavior and dramatizes the pilgrimage made to the site as well as how Saudi men dress in the distinct head piece and robe.After September 11th, Americans became overwhelmed with even more media publicity about how the attackers were of Saudi descent and how Saudi wealth has indirectly added in efforts to attack Wes terners, and other such activities. Prior to 9/11, Saudi was simply the land of oil and most Americans could not even find it on the globe! In our modern day world, the news, publications, and movies all instilled within Americans the belief that Saudis were temperamental, geared towards violence, and oil rich businessmen.In fact, comic often portrayed us as villains and school textbooks have been found to associate Islam with violence and intolerance. (http://www. adc. org/index. php? id=283). Due to its rich status, Saudi did not have strong external relationships which could overcome their stereotypes until recently. This belief is not a valid generalization by any means! It is far from the truth as Saudis have sought to limit the ultra conservative factions within their country because besides tarnishing its reputation in the world it also causes commotion and upheaval in Saudi Arabia as well.For Saudi, it is of utmost importance in its abroad relations to keep allies and busine sses purchasing its oil and it can not afford to alienate its friends. As Saudi is the predominate supplier and largest producer of oil to countries abroad, Americans have the misconception that each Saudi family must contain their own personal oil well in their own backyard. This is a laughable belief, but it is not the first time I have experienced Americans believing it to be a valid one. In fact, the country produces an average of 10. 2 million bbl/d of total oil, comprising crude oil, and natural gas liquids.The belief that Saudi has individual oil wells in each individual property is preposterous. In conclusion, I would like to emphasis the significance of acknowledging that Saudi Arabia is seeking to better improve its external relationships with other countries and improve its global image. The leadership in Saudi has sought to control its ultra conservative factions which have impaired its ability to ensure peace and tranquility both within its borders as well as with out. Generally, the media has created an atmosphere of fear and ignorance about other cultures.This psychological manipulation of Americans has lead to further stereotypes which harm cultural diversity and understanding. Many communities have created outreach programs between different cultures in an effort to achieve better communication, understanding, tolerance, and acceptance. These efforts have enabled Americans to began to open the lines of communication and acquire a grasp that our differences are key to learning how to respect other cultures and not fall to misconceptions about other groups of people.

Rbd Recycling Report Essay

Rbd Recycling Report Essay Rbd Recycling Report Essay Researching Business Data Assignment 1 Obtain some figures for recycling in different regions of the UK Table of Contents 1.0 - Introduction 2.0 - What is recycling and what is the reason for it 3.0 - Household waste 4.0 - Commercial and industrial recycling 5.0 - London result by WPA table 6.0 - revision and Error 7.0 -Types of revision * Schedule revision * Non-schedule revision 8.0 - References 1-Introduction The purpose of this report is too investigate figures for recycling in different regions of UK and discusses any increase or decreased for each of the figures. A brief history of recycling is initially outlined. And also an explanation of what recycling is and what is the reason for it. The discussion then is focused on the topic that has divided into two categories of household and commercial and industrial wastes and highlighting the purposes of individual campaigns in the individual regions. Furthermore the selected four regions are; Harrow, Lewis ham, Westminster and City of London. These are during the timeframe of 2006 to 2011. Recycling in the areas as mentioned above has encouraged by the government due to the different reasons. This is because although the individual regions have wastes to manage they have different quantities due to differentials in economic, industrials and general activities taking place in the chosen regions. In early pre-industrial times, waste was disposed of in the ground where it would act as compost, eventually the change from nomadic hunter-gatherer to agriculturist meant that waste could no longer be left as it was and thus pushed forward towards the growing problem of garbage disposal. This soon gave rise to the need of recycling. 2. What is recycling and what is the reason for it Recycling is a method through which present materials are processed with aim of producing newer products. This method would reduce energy usage and air pollution from incineration and water pollution from land field. The reason for recycling is that it could save energy, Material Conservation, Reduction of Rubbish in Landfills and Helping the Environment. This idea is also extend the life of something that has previously served its purpose all the while focusing on the prevention of useful materials. 3, The Proportion of collected HOUSEHOLD waste that is recycled or composted The graph above clearly states that Harrow has increased from 10% in 2004/5 to 50% in 2010/11. This shows that Harrow has ranks the second highest in London for household recycling and composting, the reason for this increase is because the government has said we must recycle and compose 40% of our waste by the end of 2010. If we do not reach this target, we will be fined and the cost will be passed on to the resident’s council tax. As the graph shows Lewis ham has increased from 10% in 2004/5 to 22% in 2007/8, and it has dramatically decreased to 20.5% in 2008/9. This is because there were not enough recycling bins for Lewis ham so the local council advised members of the community to share recycling bins or even wrap it up in a black bag and stick it in the garden attraction foxes. In addition Lewis ham has one of the lowest rates of the waste to landfill in London at Only 10%. This is because a large proportion of the waste is incinerated Westminster has increased from 15% in 2004/5 to 25.3% which suggest that it has one of the lowest household recycling and composting rate in London. Household recycling and composting in Westminster has increased but the rate of household composting is low this is due to housing stock, Less than 20% of residents have gardens. London has increased from 14% in 2004/5 to 39% in 2010/11. This has increased but composting remains low due to the prevalent of flats and absence of private gardens. If the initiatives

How well is neo-functionalism still able to account for the evolution Essay

How well is neo-functionalism still able to account for the evolution of the European Union - Essay Example Studied critically, the EU policies positions Europe as a silent superpower having power that equals or supersedes the one held by US in almost all aspects expect that of deployment of military forces (Moravscik, 2005, p. 349). The European Commission receives preferential treatment and recognition in international secretariats as the powers of the European Parliament continue to increase steadily over years. From 1950s, scholars have described European Union as an institution on an upward growth path and in course of achieving ever closer ties (Moravcsik 2005, 350). He asserts that such thinking is linked to neo-functionalism, forming one of the two main theories considered in analyzing EU integration; neo-functionalism and inter-governmentalism (Moga 2009, 796). Both theories have been criticized, amended although they consist of strong theoretical arguments useful in understanding integration. The theory of neo-functionalism emerged in mid 1950s and is used to explain regional integration where countries do away with barriers to trade to enforce free trade. Neo-functionalism is heavily connected to the strategies used in integration (Rosamond 2000, 10). Jean Monnet, described by various authors as the principal architect of the European integration and a founding father of EU adopted an approach that aimed at bringing integration in similar sectors with an aim of bringing attaining spi llover effects which would further the integration process (Rosamond 2000, 11). The theory was developed by Earns Haas where he reformulated the principles of functionalist and analyzed them in the context of regional organizations. Neo-functionalist views integration as driven by creation of institutions although they were not originally aimed to do this. Neo-functionalism postulates that with the formation central supranational sate, the role of nationalism and national states declines. In addition to positive spill over, the other mechanisms seen as driving integration include technocratic automaticity and change of domestic alliances (Moga 2009, 796). An example of positive spill over is a situation in which a sector such as coal and steel under the governance of a single central institution cause so much pressure to the other associated areas of policy including taxation and wages and influences integration (Wallace 2004, 15). Change in domestic alliance happens when various st ate interest groups, elites and associations transfer their loyalty to supranational institutions and away from national institutions. This is usually fuelled by a realization that supranational institutions offer better paths for achieving the desired goals rather than national institutions (Wallace 2004, 16). This leads to grouping of individuals having pro-European ideas and persuades national leaders to shift their alliance to an integrated region (Wallace 2005, 17). Technocratic automaticity views integration as being boosted by supranational institutions which become stronger than member states. This paper will evaluate how well neo-functionalism can still be used to account for the evolution within the European Union and the discussion will be based on the various developments that have occurred during the past two decades. Inter- govermentalism looks at integration from

Benchmark progress towards sustainability Essay - 2

Benchmark progress towards sustainability - Essay Example e the estimate and compare the eco friendly initiatives of the two companies on the basis of four dimensions, namely pollution prevention, clean technology, base of pyramid (indicating crystallizing growth of the two companies) and product stewardship. The paper will conclude that PepsiCo is the leader in terms of sustainability activities, when compared with that of Coca Cola. Finally some specific recommendations will also be provided, on the basis of which any company can improve its sustainable activities. In the recent times, the concept of â€Å"Triple Business Line† has become very important. According to this policy, the company can aim to improve its business by abstaining from harming the people, planet and profitability (Butje, 2005). Modern day business enterprises are increasingly investing in sustainable practices as they have realized that in order to achieve competitive advantage these practices are indispensible. The organizations are also getting highly engaged in corporate social responsibilities for creating a better impact on the community (Hawkins, 2006).). This paper discusses about Hart’s sustainability framework, which stresses on the importance of sustainability in global business. The first part of the essay briefly discusses about the model that has been proposed by Stuart Hart and Marks Milstein. This model has been extremely advantageous in understanding the particular benefits that can be enjoyed by a company by following the sustainable strate gy. Then this framework is used to understand the sustainability measures that have been adopted by two of the largest beverages companies, PepsiCo and Coca Cola Company. The idea is to determine the market leader between these two companies. Stuart Hart along with Marks Milstein devised the model of sustainability value framework, which linked societal challenges to sustainability in a global economy with value of the shareholder. Hart had adapted a framework of natural resources that can be